chapter 13

濮嗗闂紝鈥滀綘浠彮涓婅皝鐨勬暟瀛︽垚缁╂渶濂斤紵鈥?br />

榛勬槒浜嗭紝绱ч棴鐫鐨勮タ绐楅噷閫忚繘鏉ヤ竴鏉熸鍏夛紝鑷潵姘撮緳澶村摋鍟﹀暒鐨勶紝姘翠篃鏄鐨勩傛暣涓嫮灏忕殑鍘ㄦ埧閮芥槸姗樼殑銆?br />

濮嗗灏辩珛鍦ㄨ繖鏉熸鍏夋褰撲腑娲楄媼鑿溿?br />

鍛ㄥ洯鍥潗鍦ㄦ瀛愪笂绛夊悆楗紝鍢撮噷杩樺毤鐫娉℃场绯栵紝濂硅锛屸滃簲璇ユ槸鐝暱锛岃鏅斻傗?br />

濮嗗鎶婅彍娌ュ共锛屾嫥寮鐓ゆ皵锛屾寜浜嗘娊娌圭儫鏈虹殑寮鍏筹紝涓鍗婄殑澹伴煶鐩栧湪鍣０閲岋紝鈥滄垜鏀瑰ぉ瑕佸幓鎵句綘浠彮涓讳换锛屾嫓鎵樹粬鎶婁綘璺熻鏅斿垎鍚屾锛屽儚浣犲皬鏃跺欒窡鍢夋爲锛屾湁鏍峰鏍凤紝璇翠笉瀹氳繕鑳借繘姝ョ偣銆傗?br />

鍛ㄥ洯鍥病鏈夊搷锛屾场娉＄硸鍤煎緱澶箙鍙戠‖浜嗭紝涓鐐圭敎鍛抽兘娌′簡銆?br />

濮嗗鍝楀暒涓澹版妸鑿滃掕繘閿呴噷寮濮嬬倰锛屾补閿呭櫦閲屽暘鍟︾垎锛?nbsp; 濂圭炕浜嗕袱涓嬬洊閿呯洊锛屽槾閲屾帴鐫纰庣蹇碉紝鈥滃垰鍒氬垵涓鏁板灏变笉鍙婃牸锛岃鍑哄幓浜哄閮借绗戔︹︹?br />

鍛ㄥ洯鍥儚娌″惉杩涘幓锛岀壒鎰忎粠妞呭瓙涓婁笅鏉ヨ窇鍒板濡堣韩杈瑰幓锛屽緢涓嶆湇姘斿湴鍤峰毞锛屸滆鏅旀庝箞鑳借窡璧靛槈鏍戞瘮锛屽ス涔熷氨鍦ㄦ垜浠鏍℃垜浠彮绠楀ソ鐨勩傝档鍢夋爲灏忓姣曚笟鑰冩暟瀛﹁嫳璇袱闂ㄦ弧鍒嗭紝涓闄勪腑閮芥病浜鸿兘姣旇繃浠栵紒鈥?br />

濮嗗涓嶇潿濂癸紝鑷【鑷巰璧烽攨鐩栨斁鐩愬張缈荤倰锛岄殧涓浼氬効绐佺劧鍥炶繃澶达紝鍗婂紑鐜╃瑧鐪嬪悜濂癸紝鈥滀綘鑰佸疄璇达紝浣犲皬鏃跺欐槸涓嶆槸娆㈠枩浜哄鍢夋爲锛熲?br />

鍛ㄥ洯鍥劊浜嗕袱绉掗挓锛屽槾閲岃繛杩炩滃榿鈥濅簡涓ゅ０锛屾壄澶翠笉灞戝湴璺戝紑鏉ャ?br />

濂逛粠鎵撹繃铚＄殑鏈ㄥ湴鏉夸笂涓璺粦鍥炶嚜宸辨埧闂撮噷鈥斺斿叚骞寸骇鏆戝亣閲屾惉鐨勫锛岀埜濡堜笢鎷艰タ鍊熶拱浜嗕竴濂椾簩鎵嬩袱瀹や竴鍘呭晢鍝佹埧锛屽拰鐖风埛濂跺ザ鍒嗗紑浣忋傚湴鏂逛笉澶э紝瑁呬慨閮芥寜鏈绠鍗曠殑鏉ワ紝浣嗘槸濮嗗杩樻槸寰堝紑蹇冦傚懆鍥洯涔熷紑蹇冿紝鎼簡鍟嗗搧鎴匡紝缁堜簬鏈変簡鑷繁鐨勬埧闂达紝鍙鎶婇棬涓鍏充笂锛岄兘鏄ス涓涓汉鐨勫皬澶╁湴銆?br />

鍛ㄥ洯鍥媺寮鍐欏瓧鍙版娊灞夛紝鎷垮嚭涓寮犲彧宸秱棰滆壊鐨勬极鐢诲浘锛屾兂浜嗕竴鎯宠繕鏄崸鍦ㄦ墜閲岃窇鍑哄幓锛屽眮棰犲眮棰犳嬁鍒板濡堢溂璺熷墠锛屸滃濡堜綘鐪嬩綘鐪嬶紝缇庢湳鑰佸笀鍗曠嫭缁欐垜甯冪疆鐨勩傗?br />

濮嗗鎶婇キ纰楁悂妗屼笂锛屼笉浠ヤ负鎰忕灔浜嗕竴鐪艰锛屸滄湁浠涔堢敤锛岃兘闈犺繖涓悆楗悧锛熲?br />

鍛ㄥ洯鍥祵姘旇锛屸滀负浠涔堜笉鑳斤紝缇庢湳鑰佸笀璇存垜鏈夊ぉ璧嬶紒鈥?br />

濮嗗涓嶅姘斿湴娉煎ス鍐锋按锛屸滀綘鍏堟妸鏁板璇昏濂斤紝鐜板湪娌℃湁鏂囧嚟鍘诲摢閲屾贩銆傗?br />

鍛ㄥ洯鍥悂浜嗙敾绔簡纰椾笉鍐嶅搷锛岃锋媺鐫鑴戣鏃犵簿鎵撻噰鎵掕捣楗紝濮嗗鍍忔槸涔熸湁涓浜涗笉杩囨剰锛屼粠鍙ｈ閲屾懜浜嗕竴寮犱簲鍧楅挶鍑烘潵鎼佹涓婏紝鈥滃枏锛屾槑鏈濇棭楗挶銆傗?br />

鍛ㄥ洯鍥灔涓鐪硷紝杩樻槸缃皵涓嶆姮澶达紝杩囦竴浼氬効锛岃秮浜嗗濡堜笉娉ㄦ剰锛屽嵈寰堝揩鐨勬嬁杩囬挶鏉ュ鍒拌￥瀛愬彛琚嬮噷锛岄潰涓婁粛鏄笉楂樺叴鍦版拝鐫鍢达紝蹇冮噷鍗村繊涓嶄綇涓轰簡濮嗗澶氱粰鐨勪袱鍧楅挶涔愬紑浜嗚姳銆?br />

灏忓姣曚笟鍛ㄥ洯鍥洿鎺ュ崌涓婂湴鏂逛腑瀛︼紝姝ｅソ绂绘柊瀹朵篃涓嶈繙锛屽ス姣忓ぉ杩樻槸璧拌矾涓婁笅瀛︼紝璧拌繃涓鏉¤涓涓溅绔欎竴搴у叕鍥氨鍒版牎闂ㄥ彛锛屽崌鍒板垵涓紝涔熺粓浜庝笉鐢ㄥ啀姣忓ぉ鏃╂櫒鍚冩场楗叡鐡滐紝鐖哥埜鎴栬呭濡堥殧澶╁閲岀粰濂逛笁鍧楁棭楗挶锛屽ス鏃╀笂璺繃鐐瑰績鎽婏紝鑺变竴鍧椾簲涔颁竴鍙彍棣掑ご锛屼竴鍙尪鍙惰泲锛屼竴璺嬁鐫鍚冨埌瀛︽牎鍘伙紝鍓╃殑閽辨斁瀛﹁繕鑳藉幓灏忓崠閮ㄤ拱涔伴浂椋熸垨鑰呭皬鐜╂剰銆?br />

鍌嶆櫄鏀惧鍛ㄥ洯鍥蛋杩囪溅绔欏墠闈㈤偅鏉¤锛屽伓灏旀濂戒細纰板埌鍢夋爲涔熸惌杞﹀洖鏉ワ紝浠栫┛涓闄勪腑鐨勬祬钃濇牎鏈嶏紝姝ュ饱鍖嗗寙璧板湪澶曢槼涓嬶紝鎿﹁偐鑰岃繃鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鍛ㄥ洯鍥嬁鐪兼ⅱ鍓愬埌閭ｆ姽钃濓紝浜轰笉鏈濅粬鏈涳紝鍗村亸瑕佸惛寮曚粬娉ㄦ剰锛屾湁鏃跺欏毤鐫娉℃场绯栦笉鍋滃惞娉℃场锛屾湁鏃跺欐嬁鍒氫拱鐨勭翱瀛愬綋鎵囧瓙鎵囷紝鎴栬呮